Clauses of obedience to the law, civic honesty and global competitiviness
Keywords:
Behavioral law, civic honesty, cognitive psychology, economic competitiveness, legal science, obedience to the law
Abstract
This article examines the effect of law on people's behavior. Specifically, it focuses on general obedience clauses to the law, simple and generic constitutional norms that demand obedience from citizens. Do these constitutional provisions have any impact on people's honest conduct and the economic competitiveness of the countries where they live? To address this question, the study draws from cognitive psychology research that informs a field of economic analysis of law known as behavioral law analysis or behavioral law. Additionally, correlation tests (Pearson) and tests of association (T-test for difference of means) were conducted across four variables: obedience clause, civic honesty, global competitiveness in 2018, and global competitiveness in 2019. The results indicate that countries without obedience clauses tend to be more honest and competitive than countries with such clauses. This suggests that obedience clauses do not significantly influence people's honest behaviors or a country's competitiveness. Nevertheless, these general obedience clauses convey much more information than their plain text implies.Downloads
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References
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Bargh, J. A. (2018). ¿Por qué hacemos lo que hacemos? Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.
Bargh, J. A., & Morsella, E. (2008). The Unconscious Mind. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(1), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00064.x
Bargh, J. A., & Morsella, E. (2009). Unconscious Behavioral Guidance Systems. In C. R. Agnew, D. E. Carlston, W. G. Graziano, & J. R. Kelly (Eds.), Then A Miracle Occurs: Focusing on Behavior in Social Psychological Theory and Research (pp. 89–118). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377798.003.0006
Brożek, B. (2019). The Legal Mind. A New Introduction to Legal Epistemology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108695084
Camacho-Castro, J. M. (2018). Behavioral Economics: una caja de herramientas para la investigación jurídica y sociojurídica. Inciso, 20(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18634/incj.20v.2i.900
Camacho-Castro, J. M. (2020). La obediencia del derecho. Escritos descriptivos y normativos. Corporación Universitaria Empresarial Alexander von Humboldt.
Capraro, V., Schulz, J., & Rand, D. G. (2019). Time pressure and honesty in a deception game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 79, 93–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2019.01.007
Cohn, A., Maréchal, M. A., Tannenbaum, D., & Zünd, C. L. (2019). Civic honesty around the globe. Science, 365(6448), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau8712
Engel, C., & Gigerenzer, G. (2006). Law and Heuristics. An Interdisciplinary Venture. In G. Gigerenzer & C. Engel (Eds.), Heuristics and the Law (pp. 1–16). The MIT Press.
Garrett, N., Lazzaro, S. C., Ariely, D., & Sharot, T. (2016). The brain adapts to dishonesty. Nat Neurosci, advance on. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4426
Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Decisiones instintivas. Editorial Planeta S.A.
Gigerenzer, G. (2023). The Intelligence of Intuition. Cambridge University Press.
Gobierno de México. (2018). El Foro Económico Mundial (WEF, por sus siglas en inglés) publica anualmente el Índice de Competitividad Global 4.0 (ICG). https://www.gob.mx/se/mexicocompetitivo/articulos/indice-de-competitividad-global-del-foro-economico-mundial-181433
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. In Psychological Review (Vol. 108, Issue 4, pp. 814–834). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
Haidt, J. (2019). La mente de los justos. Editorial Planeta S.A.
Hart, H. L. A. (1998). El Concepto de Derecho. Abeledo Perrot.
Jolls, C., Sunstein, C. R., & Thaler, R. (1998). A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics. Stanford Law Review, 50(5), 1471–1550. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229304
Kahneman, D. (2012). Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Penguin Random House.
Köbis, N. C., Verschuere, B., Bereby-Meyer, Y., Rand, D., & Shalvi, S. (2019). Intuitive Honesty Versus Dishonesty: Meta-Analytic Evidence. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 778–796. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619851778
Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008). The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(6), 633–644. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.45.6.633
Mazar, N., & Ariely, D. (2006). Dishonesty in Everyday Life and Its Policy Implications. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.25.1.117
Mill, J. S. (2001). Sobre la libertad. Alianza Editorial S.A.
Morsella, E., & Bargh, J. A. (2011). Unconscious Action Tendencies: Sources of “Un-Integrated” Action. In J. Decety & J. T. Cacioppo (Eds.), The Oxfornd Handbook of Social Neuroscience (pp. 336–347). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342161.013.0022
Organización de Naciones Unidas. (2024). Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/objetivos-de-desarrollo-sostenible/
Pérez, B., Silva García, G., Gonzalez Mongui, P. E., & Vizcaíno Solano, A. (2021). Abrir la caja de Pandora: Retos y Dilemas de la Criminología Colombiana. Novum Jus, 15(Special), 384–420. https://doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2021.15.E.15
Reisch, L. A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Do europeans like nudges? Judgment and Decision Making, 11(4), 310–325. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2739118
Schauer, F. (2015). Fuerza de ley. Palestra Editores.
Shalvi, S., Eldar, O., & Bereby-Meyer, Y. (2012). Honesty Requires Time (and Lack of Justifications). Psychological Science, 23(10), 1264–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443835
Shariff, A. F., Willard, A. K., Andersen, T., & Norenzayan, A. (2016). Religious Priming: A Meta-Analysis With a Focus on Prosociality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(1), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314568811
Silva García, G. (2022). ¿El derecho es puro cuento? Análisis crítico de la sociología jurídica integral. Novum Jus, 16(2), 49–75. https://doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2022.16.2.3
Sunstein, C. R. (2014). Nudging: A Very Short Guide. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(4), 583–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-014-9273-1
Sunstein, C. R. (2016). People prefer system 2 nudges (kind of). Duke Law Journal, 66(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2731868
Sunstein, C. R. (2017). Paternalismo Libertario. Herder Editorial.
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Un pequeño empujón (Nudge). Taurus.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9
World Economic Forum. (2018). The Global Competitiveness Report 2018. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2018.pdf?_gl=1*rm193l*_up*MQ..&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1rqkBhCTARIsAAHz7K2GWYOz1mZ4ONTM3NbmQmGjhXMZPMExxsKFnxhPX9NGygw-iuHZSU8aAnTAEALw_wcB
World Economic Forum. (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report 2019. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf?_gl=1*rm193l*_up*MQ..&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1rqkBhCTARIsAAHz7K1b13R1tucgj0vz7vEhPMtgE9B1WTGadReA7Gb8EbyR2BOsTPdEu3waAv0WEALw_wcB
Published
2023-12-12
Section
Artículos Resultado de Investigación
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